The Instructional Patterns of Chinese Online Educators in China

Main Article Content

Victor WANG

Abstract

This article reports the results of a study designed to investigate the instructional patterns of Chinese online instructors in terms of Western (i.e., United States) constructivist approaches and problem-based learning models (PBL) as reflected also in the humanistic, progressive, analytic and radical approaches of teaching. Online instructors from major universities in Beijing and Shanghai, China, volunteered to respond to a survey comprised of nineteen statements about their teaching patterns. The survey was complemented and supplemented by seven open-ended questions. The study results indicated that, while Chinese online instructors clung to their traditional liberal and behavioral methods of instruction, they had an inclination to employ Western democratic approaches of teaching.

Article Details

How to Cite
WANG , V. (2006). The Instructional Patterns of Chinese Online Educators in China. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 4(1), 43-55. Retrieved from http://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/70
Section
Articles

References

Babbie, E. (1990). Survey research methods (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA : Wadsworth. Berry, L.H. (2000). Cognitive effects of web page design. In B. Abbey (Ed.), Instructional and cognitive impacts of webbased education (pp. 41-55). Hershey, PA : Idea Group Publishing. Biggs, J. (1996). Western misconceptions of the Confucian-heritage learning culture. In D. Watkins & J. Biggs (Eds.), The Chinese learner (pp. 46-47). Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong Comparative Education Research Center. Brookfield, S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Brooks, J., & Brooks, M. (1993). In search of understanding : The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Chai, C., & Chai, W. (1965). The sacred books of Confucius and other Confucian classics. New York : University Books. Cheng, K. (1998). Institutional collaboration in higher education : Challenges of the information era. Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities. Hong Kong. Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design : Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd edn.). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage. Duch, B. (2005). Problem-based learning. Retrieved September 30, 2005, from http://www.edel.edu/pbl/ Elias, J.L., & Merriam, S.B. (1995). Philosophical foundations of adult education. Malabar, FL : Krieger. Kaplan, F.M., Sobin, J.M., & Andors, S. (1979). Encyclopedia of China today. New York : Harper & Row. King, P.K. (2005). Bringing transformative learning to life. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. Knowles, M.S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education : Andragogy versus pedagogy. New York : Association Press. Knowles, M.S. (1975). Self-directed learning. New York : Association Press. Knowles, M.S. (1984). Andragogy in action. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Knowles, M.S. (1986). Using learning contracts. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Knowles, M.S., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (1998 ). The adult learner ( 5th edn. ).
Houston, TX : Gulf Publishing. Knowles, M.S., & Hulda, F. (1973). Introduction to group dynamics. Chicago, IL : Follett. Lee, D. (2004). Web-based instruction in China: Cultural and pedagogical implications and challenges. Educational Technology Research & Development, 52 (1), 101-105. Lindeman, E.C. (1926). The meaning of adult education. New York : New Republic. Mau, J.H. (2003). The cost issues of network education and its ups and downs. Retrieved October 15, 2005, from http://www.Onlineedu.org/article/3081.html Merriam, S.B. (2004). The role of cognitive development in Mezirow’s transformational learning theory. Adult Education Quarterly, 55 (1), 60-68. Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Mezirow, J. (Ed.) (2000). Learning as transformation : Critical perspectives on a theory in progress. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Morphew, V.N. (2000). Web-based learning and instruction : A constructivist approach. In L. Lau (Ed.), Distance learning technologies : Issues, trends and opportunities (pp. 1-15). Hershey, PA : Idea Group Publishing. Nesbary, D.K. (2000). Survey research and the world wide web. Boston, MA : Allyn and Bacon. Palloff, R.M., & Pratt, K. (2001). Lessons from the cyberspace classroom : The realities of online teaching. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Paine, L. (1992). Teaching and modernization in contemporary China. In R. Hayhoe (Ed.), Education and modernization : The Chinese experience (pp. 183-209). New York : Pergamon Press. Pratt, D.D. (1988). Andragogy as a relational construct. Adult Education Quarterly, 38, 160-172. Pratt, D.D. (1993). Andragogy after twenty-five years. In S.B. Merriam (Ed.), An update on adult learning theory : New directions for adult and continuing education, No. 57. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. Tang, J. (2000). Recent Internet developments in the People’s Republic of China. Online Information Review, 24 (4), 316-321. Wang, V. (2005). Perceptions of the teaching preferences of online instructors. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 16 (3), 33-53.
54
ASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION
Wang, V. (2006). Essential elements for andragogical styles and methods : How to create andragogical modes in adult education. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Wang, V., & Bott, P.A. (2004). Modes of teaching of Chinese adult educators. The New York Journal of Adult Learning, 2 (2), 32-51. Wang, V., & Sarbo, L. (2004). Philosophy, role of adult educators, and learning : How contextually adapted philosophies and the situational role of adult educators affect learners’ transformation and emancipation. Journal of Transformative Education, 2 (3), 204-214.
Wolfe, C.R. (2001). Learning and teaching on the world wide web. In C.R. Wolfe (Ed.), Learning and teaching on the world wide web (pp. 1-22). San Diego, CA : Academic Press. Yang, D.P. (2005). China’s education in 2003 from growth to reform (J. Eagleton). Chinese Education and Society, 38 (4), 1145. (Original work published in 2003) Zhu, W.Z. (1992). Confucius and traditional Chinese education : An assessment. In R. Hayhoe (Ed.), Education and modernization : The Chinese experience (pp. 3-22). New York : Pergamon Press.